最新消息
學者拆解：經常觀看自拍照 怎樣削弱年輕男女的身體形象
招雋寧（特約研究員）
你知道嗎？社交媒體IG上最高view數的圖片，就是自拍。
看到花樣男、美少女的自拍，筆者就不自覺會猜到底「是化妝還是執相？」不論他們怎樣喬裝，不單符合現今美人的標準，甚至有點同化的跡象，使筆者難分辨誰是誰。
完美不好嗎？科學研究近年已留意到，完美的自拍會對人的身體形象，產生不良影響。學術界正積極查考這個影響是怎樣產生的。
Annie Spratt on Unsplash
" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?fit=700%2C467&ssl=1" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?fit=7952%2C5304&ssl=1" data-orig-size="7952,5304" data-permalink="https://blog.scs.org.hk/2021/09/06/%e5%ad%b8%e8%80%85%e6%8b%86%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9a%e7%b6%93%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%80%e7%9c%8b%e8%87%aa%e6%8b%8d%e7%85%a7-%e6%80%8e%e6%a8%a3%e5%89%8a%e5%bc%b1%e5%b9%b4%e8%bc%95%e7%94%b7%e5%a5%b3%e7%9a%84%e8%ba%ab/annie-spratt-oaqwkurtwu8-unsplash/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="200" loading="eager" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?resize=1536%2C1025&ssl=1 1536w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?resize=2048%2C1366&ssl=1 2048w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&ssl=1 1200w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?w=1400&ssl=1 1400w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/annie-spratt-OaQWkURTwU8-unsplash.jpg?w=2100&ssl=1 2100w" style="height: auto; max-width: 98%; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 5px; margin: 3.66477px auto 0px; display: block;" width="300" />
Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash
傳理學家為四百多中國年輕成人進行研究
中國傳理學者Jing Yang及團隊嘗試發掘使用社交媒體時，人觀看自拍的行為，不滿容貌，及比較外表三者之間關係。
研究員安排了481位中國的大學男女生參與研究，從他們身上得知幾件事：
1. 他們有多常和多認真去觀看自拍帖子？
2. 他們有多常與相中人比較自己的體形外貌？
3. 他們較在意自己的內在能力還是傾向只著重外表？換言之，亦即是自我物化的程度
4. 對於自己外表體形不滿意的程度
關鍵在於「比下去」
結果證實了，觀看自拍照導致人不滿自己容貌，「比較」是中介因素。換言之，愈去瀏覽自拍照，使人更傾向比較外表，從而對於自己的容貌感到不滿。
這答案似乎「很大路」，但是學者還是仔細解釋了箇中原因。
據調查，中國的社交媒體中每塊臉孔的製作時間，平均要執整40分鐘。社交媒體上的臉孔經過各種修飾，宣揚一種難以達到的美貌標準。你天生的樣子很容易比下去。
另一加劇觀看自拍者「比下去」心態的，就是演算法。人在社交網體看得到的臉孔，有更大機會是那些有更多留言和讚好的。
當身邊所有朋友都對這些大獲好評的樣貌讚好時，會使人更容易忽略自拍臉孔是虛假的和難以達到的。
對於一個經常看IG自拍的人來說，他內心固然質疑自己不及人工美貌，再加上自己的樣子不獲同樣的「讚好和留言」，亦證實了他對自己的質疑。不滿自己容貌的想法由此獲得鞏固。
Antoine Beauvillain on Unsplash
" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?fit=700%2C467&ssl=1" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?fit=5616%2C3744&ssl=1" data-orig-size="5616,3744" data-permalink="https://blog.scs.org.hk/2021/09/06/%e5%ad%b8%e8%80%85%e6%8b%86%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9a%e7%b6%93%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%80%e7%9c%8b%e8%87%aa%e6%8b%8d%e7%85%a7-%e6%80%8e%e6%a8%a3%e5%89%8a%e5%bc%b1%e5%b9%b4%e8%bc%95%e7%94%b7%e5%a5%b3%e7%9a%84%e8%ba%ab/antoine-beauvillain-zy_naksfh1k-unsplash/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="200" loading="eager" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&ssl=1 1536w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&ssl=1 2048w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&ssl=1 1200w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?w=1400&ssl=1 1400w, https://i2.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/antoine-beauvillain-zY_NaksFH1k-unsplash.jpg?w=2100&ssl=1 2100w" style="height: auto; max-width: 98%; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 5px; margin: 3.66477px auto 0px; display: block;" width="300" />
Photo by Antoine Beauvillain on Unsplash
誰更容易跌入比較機制？
然而是否任何瀏覽自拍照的人，都同樣會跌入這個「比較」的機制呢？
學者進一步區分「傾向自我物化」和「不太自我物化」兩組人，再次進行統計學分析。
結果發現，「傾向自我物化」的人，因比較而對自己容貌的不滿程度更強烈。
根據自我物化的理論，強烈物化自己的人認為，外貌因素反映自己的價值。他們更受比較機制影響似乎合理。
女生比男生更受比較機制影響嗎？
你可能會想，女生更加容易比較外貌吧？研究結果卻並非如此。
觀看自拍的男女，在比下去和不滿容貌上並無分別。
雖然女生是更常觀看自拍照，但結果卻顯示當男生受比較機制影響時，對自己容貌的不滿的程度，竟然比女生更加強烈。
學者以「Drench效應」嘗試解釋，有可能是由於男生沒料到自己原來都會受到比較所影響，潛而默化的效果反而令他們更沒防備，影響來得更加劇烈。
Edwin Canas on Unsplash
" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?fit=700%2C933&ssl=1" data-lazy-loaded="1" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?fit=225%2C300&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?fit=3024%2C4032&ssl=1" data-orig-size="3024,4032" data-permalink="https://blog.scs.org.hk/2021/09/06/%e5%ad%b8%e8%80%85%e6%8b%86%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9a%e7%b6%93%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%80%e7%9c%8b%e8%87%aa%e6%8b%8d%e7%85%a7-%e6%80%8e%e6%a8%a3%e5%89%8a%e5%bc%b1%e5%b9%b4%e8%bc%95%e7%94%b7%e5%a5%b3%e7%9a%84%e8%ba%ab/edwin-canas-jfjcchwbnbe-unsplash/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="300" loading="eager" sizes="(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px" src="https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?resize=225%2C300&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?resize=225%2C300&ssl=1 225w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?resize=768%2C1024&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?resize=1152%2C1536&ssl=1 1152w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?resize=1536%2C2048&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?resize=900%2C1200&ssl=1 900w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?resize=600%2C800&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?resize=300%2C400&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?resize=150%2C200&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?resize=1200%2C1600&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?w=1400&ssl=1 1400w, https://i0.wp.com/blog.scs.org.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/edwin-canas-jfjccHWBnbE-unsplash.jpg?w=2100&ssl=1 2100w" style="height: auto; max-width: 98%; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 5px; margin: 2.76989px auto 0px; display: block;" width="225" />
Photo by Edwin Canas on Unsplash
短結
研究似乎提議每一個愛用社交媒體看相的年輕男女，要更加察覺自己在觀看自拍照時所持的心態。
當認知到觀看自拍是怎樣影響自己對身體形象的觀感，以此重新審視自己的態度和決定，是要減少觀看自拍、察覺「執相」，還是不去比較等。
參考資料：
Yang, J, Fardouly, J., Wang, Y., & Shi, W. (2020). Selfie-viewing and facial dissatisfaction among emerging adults: a moderated mediation model of appearance comparisons and self-objectification. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(672). doi:10.3390/ijerph17020672
作者：招雋寧 (香港性文化學會特約研究員)
本科修讀社會政策。致力研究家庭﹑性別及身體的課題。招先生為本會疏理和發掘新近的性文化知識，協助策展具學術基礎的性教育，使本會受眾獲得紮實及適時的知識工具。